On the structure of knowledge management system of

Abstract: with the rise of knowledge economy, knowledge management is becoming an indispensable aspect of the production management of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, but there are many problems in the knowledge management of domestic high-tech manufacturing enterprises. Starting from the development and characteristics of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction of knowledge management system. On this basis, combined with domestic research, this paper proposes to build a knowledge management system of high-tech manufacturing enterprises based on ontology and taking the product life cycle as the center, and puts forward the phased implementation steps and Strategies of knowledge management of high-tech manufacturing enterprises according to the research

compared with traditional manufacturing enterprises, high-tech manufacturing enterprises have shorter product life cycle and higher requirements for knowledge innovation. As a representative of knowledge intensive enterprises, knowledge plays a more important role in the development of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, and its demand for knowledge management is more urgent. Because there is no unified knowledge expression and knowledge management model among high-tech manufacturing enterprises in the industrial chain and supply chain, enterprises are independent of each other when implementing knowledge management system, forming an information island, which is not conducive to knowledge sharing and innovation. At the same time, due to the intensive and cutting-edge knowledge of high-tech manufacturing, the internal knowledge management ability of enterprises often can not meet the needs. Based on this, starting from the characteristics of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, this paper discusses the construction of ontology based knowledge management system and general knowledge management model of high-tech manufacturing enterprises through enterprise ontology knowledge expression model, and discusses the implementation strategy, process and corresponding performance evaluation mechanism of knowledge management in high-tech manufacturing enterprises

I. Development and characteristics of high-tech manufacturing enterprises

1. Development of high-tech manufacturing industry. Since the 1970s, high-tech manufacturing enterprises with information technology as the core have emerged, which has had a far-reaching impact on the development of the world economy. In order to comply with the development trend of high-tech, in the 1980s, the United States and other countries have adjusted the direction of national economic development, increased investment in high-tech manufacturing industries such as information technology, aerospace and biology, and proposed the plan of building an information highway during the Clinton administration. At the same time, enterprises have also increased investment in high-tech R & D and manufacturing, and high-tech manufacturing has become a new economic growth point in the United States. Relevant data show that since 1993, 45% of the industrial economic growth in the United States has been driven by high-tech industries such as the information industry. The development of high-tech manufacturing industry has also driven the informatization and high-tech of traditional industries in the United States, and promoted the upgrading of industrial structure. The successful development of American high-tech manufacturing enterprises has also provided experience for other countries and regions in the world

the rapid development of China's high-tech manufacturing enterprises originated from the implementation of the "863 Plan" in the "high tech development outline" in 1986. The outline takes 15 topics in 7 fields, including biotechnology, aerospace technology, information technology, laser technology, and technology, which do not have a great distinction in technology, automation technology, energy technology, and new material technology, as its main targets. The torch plan has been implemented since 1988, and the Interim Provisions on the recognition conditions and standards for high-tech and new technology enterprises have been issued. In 1996, the Ministry of science and technology promulgated the conditions and measures for the identification of high-tech enterprises in national high tech development zones, In 2008, the state also issued a new "management method for the identification of the working performance of road structures, which takes the burning of garbage residues and waste plastics as the object, transforms them into a series of road building materials through research, experiment, design and development, and uses them in the road structure", defining the key support of high-tech fields, including electronic information technology, biology and new pharmaceutical technology Aerospace technology, new material technology, high-tech service industry, new energy and energy-saving technology, resource and environmental technology, and high-tech transformation of traditional industries. Due to the high attention and strong support of the state, and the corresponding preferential policies in tax, scientific research and financial support, high-tech manufacturing industry has developed rapidly in China

2. Characteristics of high-tech manufacturing enterprises. Compared with traditional manufacturing enterprises, high-tech manufacturing enterprises have their own distinctive characteristics in terms of product research and development, manufacturing and management mechanism. Especially for the implementation of knowledge management in high-tech manufacturing enterprises, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of relevant enterprises, design appropriate knowledge management systems and implementation strategies. From the perspective of knowledge management, high-tech manufacturing enterprises mainly include the following characteristics

(1) knowledge innovation plays a core role in enterprises. It is generally believed that high-tech manufacturing enterprises are knowledge intensive enterprises, and knowledge plays an indispensable role in all departments and production links of enterprise development. For high-tech manufacturing enterprises, who has mastered the latest technology means that he has mastered the dominant power of the market, and no knowledge innovation means that he will be eliminated by the market. Therefore, enterprises pay special attention to the cultivation of high-quality talents and advanced R & D capabilities, which are the embodiment of the important role of knowledge innovation in enterprises

(2) technology cost accounts for a large proportion of enterprise cost. High tech manufacturing enterprises generally rely on high-tech support. If their products want to have a strong competitive advantage in the market, they need the support of corresponding high-tech. Whether it is the R & D cost of the enterprise itself, or the cost of technology introduction and talent introduction, the proportion of the technology cost of the enterprise in the whole enterprise cost has increased significantly compared with the traditional manufacturing industry

(3) higher requirements on the technological reserve capacity of enterprises. For high-tech manufacturing enterprises, the technology development is changing with each passing day, and the technology research and development of enterprises need to have good market foresight. Only with a certain foresight can they occupy a place in the fierce market competition. Enterprises even need to reserve the technology of the next generation or even the next two generations of products in order to gain a foothold in the market with rapid technological development

(4) the life cycle of the product is short and the knowledge is updated quickly. According to the product life cycle theory, the product life cycle of high-tech manufacturing enterprises is generally relatively short, the speed of product upgrading is relatively fast, and the update of enterprise knowledge is relatively fast, which requires higher R & D capabilities and knowledge dissemination and utilization efficiency of enterprises

II. Problems faced by knowledge management in high-tech manufacturing enterprises

at present, there are mainly the following problems in knowledge management and application in high-tech manufacturing enterprises

1. The problem of knowledge expression. When selecting knowledge expression methods, high-tech manufacturing enterprises should not only choose appropriate, scalable and strong knowledge expression methods according to the existing knowledge accumulation methods and the characteristics of the applied knowledge types, but also fully understand the knowledge expression methods adopted by the knowledge management system of enterprises in the industrial chain and supply chain. At present, in the field of enterprise knowledge management, the trend of using ontology as a way of knowledge representation is gradually emerging. Ontology, as a technology that can fully express semantics, can transform traditional enterprise data into semantic knowledge expression. This technology is gradually penetrating into high-tech manufacturing enterprises. When implementing knowledge management, many enterprises incorporate the corresponding technologies and concepts into the knowledge management system

2. The problem of knowledge organization. The primary problem of knowledge management is classification. Clear knowledge classification helps to quickly understand and master the relevant knowledge of enterprises, and can improve the efficiency of enterprise knowledge management. For high-tech manufacturing enterprises, it is generally believed that the knowledge that needs to be included includes four categories: product design knowledge, production and manufacturing knowledge, management knowledge and marketing knowledge. Among them, product design knowledge and manufacturing knowledge are the core knowledge of high-tech manufacturing enterprises. The current relevant research shows that taking the product life cycle model throughout the manufacturing enterprises as the center to organize and manage enterprise knowledge, and realizing knowledge sharing and knowledge management in different links of the product life cycle can eliminate the existence of enterprise knowledge in different departments and fields, And the obstacles of knowledge sharing and understanding among enterprises, so as to improve the utilization and innovation of knowledge

3. The problem of knowledge utilization. At present, there are such problems in the high-tech manufacturing industry. The knowledge content of enterprise research, development and production is mastered by a few people. After establishing the knowledge management system, the application depth of enterprises is not enough, and the original goal of knowledge sharing and promoting knowledge innovation cannot be formed. Therefore, when building a knowledge management system, we should clarify the needs of our own enterprises. For high-tech manufacturing enterprises, the main application fields of knowledge management include total quality management, enterprise business process reengineering and optimization, manufacturing technology, product development and integration

III. construction of ontology based knowledge management system for high-tech manufacturing enterprises

from the above analysis of the characteristics of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, as well as the role and existing problems of knowledge management in high-tech manufacturing enterprises, we adopt the ontology based product life cycle model as the center, Knowledge management system can effectively express and include enterprise knowledge managed and shared by high-tech manufacturing industry

1. Application of ontology technology and product life cycle model. Ontology is a group of concepts or terms used to describe or express knowledge in a certain field. It can be used to describe high-level abstract knowledge, and it can also be used to describe knowledge in specific fields. Ontology contains the basic terms and relationships that constitute the vocabulary of related fields, and uses these terms and relationships to form the definition of these vocabulary extension rules, which can make knowledge shared and reused. Ontology can be used as the basis of enterprise information sharing and exchange at the semantic level, which can make the application domain knowledge have a precise understanding, and provide a semantic rich ontology for defining enterprise knowledge representation, knowledge sharing, collaboration within and between enterprises, user relationship management, etc

in order to facilitate knowledge sharing at all stages of the product life cycle, we can first build a product knowledge ontology, and then build a global product knowledge model around the ontology. Taking product life cycle model as knowledge is a structured description of product information. It faces the whole product development activities and processes, and provides a unified information model for the data exchange and sharing between these processes and activities. Its purpose is to realize the information transmission and sharing between different fields, stages and personnel in the process of product life cycle. Similar to traditional manufacturing enterprises, the evolution of high-tech product life cycle model can also be divided into several stages, such as concept generation, design, procurement, production, sales and service, as shown in Figure 1. The model of each stage contains different activities and processed information, and enterprise knowledge needs to be fully shared in all stages of the whole product life cycle to promote